If there was ever an artist who deserved to be featured in a column called Dark Dreams, it’s the late HR Giger, whose dark artistry penetrated the psyche of all of mankind after he designed the nightmarish Alien creature for the wildly successful Ridley Scott sci-fi horror film.
Hans Rudolf Giger was a Zurich-based surrealist painter, best-known for linking humans and machines together in a ‘biomechanical’ relationship that emphasized the dark, emotionless side of technology. The Swiss artist’s uniquely grotesque and darkly sexual visions, first created with an airbrush and later in pastels, markers, ink and oil, were adapted to various forms of commercialized media including film, album artwork, interior design concepts, and tattoo design. Switzerland boasts two Giger themed bars reflecting his interior designs while his work remains on permanent display at the official H.R. Giger Museum at GruyŠres. In a 2009 interview with Vice he credited Samuel Beckett, HP Lovecraft, crime writer Edgar Wallace, and his childhood fears amid World War II as key inspirations for his work, which has been described as a mix of gothic decay with serpentine futurism.
HR Giger was born in 1940 in Chur, the capital city of Graubünden, to a pharmacist who viewed art as a profitless waste of time and encouraged his son to follow in his professional footsteps. Instead Hans went on to study architecture and industrial design in Zurich. Giger’s first big break came in 1969 when H.H. Kunz, the co-owner of Switzerland’s first poster publishing company, printed and distributed Giger’s first major works. From then up until his passing he had a massively successful and influential career in both art and interior design. His books of paintings, particularly Necronomicon and Necronomicon II (1985), as well as the regular appearance of his art in Omni magazine helped Giger rise to international prominence. Working with ink, oil paint, and an airbrush Giger brought graphic and disturbing images of dark sexuality and damnation not seen since Hieronymus Bosch. His work also features elements that would later be determined to be precursors to the cyberpunk movement of the late 80’s and 90’s, even influencing movies like The Matrix. But Giger’s presence in Hollywood reaches back long before the rise of the Wachowski’s.
In 1975 Hans was hired for the film adaptation of the science fiction fantasy novel Dune by fellow eccentric dreamer Alejandro Jodorowsky. The film was slated to star Salvador Dali as the lead, after accepting an offer of $100,000 per minute of screen time. Jodorowsky also hoped to cast Orson Welles as Baron Vladimir Harkonnen, who agreed only after the director convinced a gourmet chef to prepare Orson’s meals for him for the entire duration of the show. The laundry list of big name celebrities with extravagant demands (along with a script that would produce a 14-hour movie if shot as written) eventually sank the production. By the time the production was shut down Jodorowsky had spent $2 million of the $9.5 million budget! The rights were eventually sold to Dino de Laurentiis and David Lynch was hired to direct the version which was released in 1984 with just a fraction of Giger’s original designs.
“My planet was ruled by evil,” Giger later said of his Dune design, “a place where black magic was practiced, aggressions were let loose, and intemperance and perversion were the order of the day. Just the place for me, in fact.”
A few years later Giger would cross paths with Ridley Scott and be brought on to help with Alien. Giger’s painting Necronom IV, which depicts a gorgeous monster with a humanoid body and grotesquely phallic skull, left a big impression on Ridley Scott, so much so that he used it as the inspiration for his award winning sci-fi horror film. Giger’s contributions include the infamous xenomorph chest explosion scene, the peeling alien eggs, the spacecraft design, and the grotesquely masked ‘Space Jockey’ gunner discovered inside.
But not everyone was convinced they were on the right track. In fact the film’s producer Gordon Carroll reportedly described the artist’s work as “sick”. Scott on the other hand was absolutely blown away by what Giger had dreamed up. He’d later tell anyone who would listen that he thought he was making the best movie of his life. “I’d never been so certain about anything in all my life,” he reportedly said to cast and crew alike.
History vindicated his confidence, and the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, who bestowed Scott with a Saturn award in 1980 for Best Director for Alien. Giger himself won an Oscar that same year for his work as a member of the visual effects team for the film. His designs continue to be incorporated into Alien sequels. Scott and Giger worked together right up until the end. Their last collaboration was in 2012, when Giger created murals for Prometheus. Although he might have been easy to work with, Giger was known for his draconian temper. An old industry rumor has it that after being left off the credits for Alien: Resurrection, Giger fired off an angry letter to the head of the studio that ominously ended, “as for those responsible for this conspiracy: All I can wish them is an Alien breeding inside their chests.”
After the success of Alien, HR Giger quickly gained a reputation as the premier designer for all things darkly erotic and reviled. His unique artistic talents were featured in horror sequel Poltergeist II and the erotic sci-fi thriller Species, though he ultimately expressed dissatisfaction with how his work turned out in movies outside the Alien franchise. He even designed a conceptually redesigned version of the Batmobile in the shape of a crooked X for Batman Forever, that was passed over in favor of a more traditional design. Though lesser known, Giger also directed a number of movies himself, including Swiss Made (1968), Tagtraum (1973), Giger’s Necronomicon (1975) and Giger’s Alien (1979).
But Giger’s work wasn’t limited to film. The dramatic and controversial artist also designed several now iconic record sleeves as well as the cover for Emerson Lake & Palmer’s 1973 album Brain Salad Surgery. On Debbie Harry’s Koo Koo the singer appears with spears cutting through her face courtesy of Giger. His paintings also grace the covers of Celtic Frost’s 1985 album To Mega Therion, Danzig’s 1992 LP Danzig III: How the Gods Kill, and death metal group Carcass’ 1993 record Heartwork. My old pal Jonathan Davis, lead singer of Korn, commissioned Giger to design a microphone stand for him that he still uses to this day and Blondie guitarist Chris Stein owns a guitar that incorporates Giger’s artwork into its design as well.
On a darker note, his more infamous “Penis Landscape” poster insert for the Dead Kennedys’ Frankenchrist (which depicts a repeating pattern of graphic sexual penetration) resulted in a landmark obscenity trial. In 1985, Jello Biafra, the lead singer of the punk band, included a poster insert of Giger’s “Landscape XX” along with a sticker on the cover, warning that some might find the poster inside shocking, repulsive, or offensive. The unexpected political firestorm that ensued tested the limits of art and free speech, after nine police officers stormed into Biafra’s apartment in San Francisco and his record label’s offices, seizing copies of the album and demanding to know where Giger lived. Michael Guarino, the prosecutor, called the poster “pornography” in court and compared Giger to famed serial killer Richard Ramirez but fortunately the jury deadlocked and the judge was forced to declare a mistrial. Biafra and Giger became close friends afterward.
In 1998 Giger acquired the Château St. Germain in Gruyères, Switzerland, and opened the HR Giger Museum. It hosts the largest collection of Giger’s work alongside the visionary’s own private art collection, which includes works from Dali, Ernst Fuchs and Bruno Weber. In 2013 Giger was named to the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame in 2013. On May 12, 2014 HR Giger died in Zurich at the age of 74 after sustaining injuries from falling down the stairs. He was mourned by fans all over the world but his amazing and awe-inspiring work is still with us.
For more on the life and works of HR Giger check out http://www.hrgiger.com. There is also a new documentary on Netflix about him called Dark Star: H.R. Giger’s World.
Until next time, stay scared!
Devan Sagliani
